APPLICATIONS OF SILICON :: essays research papers

Applications of SiliconSilicon is one of opuss most useful elements. In the form of sand and carcass it is used to make concrete and brick it is a useful refractory square for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with delicate mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties. Hyperpure ti can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and separate solid-state devices, which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Though silicon was originally discovered in 1810 and thought to be a confused silicon was discovered as an element in 1823 by Jons Berzelius. In 1824 Berzelius fain amorphous silicon by the same general method acting and purified the product by removing the fluosilicates by repeated washings. Deville in 185 4 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element. Davy in1800 thought silica to be a compound and not an element later in 1811, funny Lussac and Thenard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.Silicon is a metalloid at style temperature with an atomic number of 14, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons, and an average atomic pile of 28.0855. In its pure form,silicon melts at 2,570 degrees, and boils at 4,271 degrees Fahrenheit. This element belongs to the metalloid family, the fourteenth family on the periodic table of elements. This element is a solid metalloid at room temperature and turns to liquid at 2,570 degrees. Silicon is prepared as a brown amorphous powder or as gray-black crystals. polycrystalline silicon has a metallic luster and grayish color. It is hard, non-magnetic, and most acids do not effect it, but it does dissolve in hydrofluoric acid, forming the gas, silicon tetrafluoride, SiF 4. At ord inary temperatures silicon is impervious to air, but at high temperatures it reacts with oxygen, forming a layer of silica that does not react further. At high temperatures it also reacts with nitrogen and chlorine to form silicon nitride and silicon chloride, respectively. Elemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared, from 1.3 to 6.y micro-m.Silicon is present in the turd and makes up about 25.7% of the earths crust. Silicon also promotes solvent and strength in human tissues. It is part of the arteries, tendons, skin, connective tissue, and eyes.